Shingle



J. W. CANNON Nov. 6, 1934.

SHINGLE Filed March 22, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 6, 1934.

J. w. CANNON 1,979,862

SHINGLE Filed March 22, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES twists FATENE' GFFE CE 18 Claims.

This invention relates to roofing constructions, and more particularly to the roofing elements or shingles employed in such constructions. The

-general object of the invention is to produce a roofing element or shingle, whether flexible or rigid, which is so constructed that, when laid up in courses on a roof, the lower ends of the said ele ments or shingles cannot be raised when sub- -jected to a heavy wind storm. A further object of the invention is to produce a roofing element or shingle which, while accomplishing the foregoing object, will, when laid with similar elements or shingles on a roof, produce an ornamental appearance, to be referred to more particularly hereinafter. A still further object of the invention is to provide a roofing element or shingle which is light in weight, which can be manufactured by molding, pressing, and rolling processes, as well as one which is capable of being made of flexible, rigid, and semi-rigid materials, such as asphalt, asbestos, sheet metal, wood, clay, tile and terra cotta. For convenience of description, the roofing elements will be referred to as shingles inthe description of the various forms of my invention.

All shingles with which I am acquainted, when laid on a roof, are subject to being raised at their lower ends, when subjected to heavy wind storms. When the wind in such storms is accompanied by rain or sleet, followed by freezing'temperatures, the rain or sleet, which has been blown under the shingles, will freeze, causing the shingles to curl, if made of flexible or semi-rigid material, and to crack if made of rigid material,

such as slate, tile and terra cotta. The curling of the flexible or semi-rigid shingles results in leakage, as does the cracking of shinges made of rigid material; in addition, the cracking of the shingles made of rigid material renders them liaable to be blown off when subjected to heavy wind. Due to the construction of the shingles shown and described herein, I am enabled to overcome the objections noted and also to secure the objects of lightness, artistic appearance, cheapness, and facility of manufacture.

In the drawings forming part hereof, Fig. 1 represents a sectional view through a portion of a roof having applied thereto and comprising a part thereof shingles made from rigid material, such as clay, terra cotta, or tile; Fig. 2 a plan view of one of the shingles shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a lower end elevation of one of the aforesaid shingles; and Fig. 4 a plan view of a portion of a roof embodying the shingles shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3; Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views similar to Figs. 1,

2 and 3, respectively, showing a modified form of shingle; Fig. 8 a View similar to Figs. 1 and 5 of a further modification of my invention; Fig. 9 a plan view of a portion of a roof embodying the form of shingles shown in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 a view, 66 A similar to Figs. 1, 5 and 8 of a further modification of my invention; and Fig. 11 a detail in sectional elevation through one of the shingles shown in Fig. 10.

Describing the various parts by reference chare5 3 acters, and referring first to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, 1 denotes the roof foundation on which the shingles are laid. Applied at the eaves of this roof foundation is a course of short tapered shingles 2, preferably of clay, terra cotta, or tile. 70

The course composed of the shingles 2 is covered with a course of full-length shingles such as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, each of the latter shingles comprising an upper surface 3 having a rib 4 formed therewith at a suitable distance above the lower end thereof--say approximately one-third the length of the shingle. This rib is preferably beveled at each end, as shown at 4 and is provided at its central portion with a V-shaped notch l The lower or front side 4 of said rib so is inclined upwardly and away from the lower edge of the shingle, merging with a plane surface 4 which is preferably parallel to the upper surface of the shingle body, and the rear wall 4 of the shingle is preferably at right angles to the 35 upper surface thereof. The rear portion 5 of the bottom of the shingle is inclined upwardly and rearwardly to conform to the slope of the foundation 1 and is provided at the front end oi such inclined portion with a shoulder 6 which is 1 adapted to engage the upper end or ends of the shingles or tiles 2 as well as the upper ends of the shingles or tiles of the next lower course. The remainder 5 of the lower surface of each shingle is preferably parallel with the top surface there- V of and rests upon the tops of shingles of the course 2 or on the rear portions of the tops of shingles in the next lower course.

By reference to Figs. 1 and 4, it will be seen that, when the, shingles are laid, the one course will break joints with the shingles of the courses above and subjacent thereto. It will be noted further that narrow spaces 7 are preferably provided between the lower ends of the shingles in 10g shingles in an upper course and the walls 4 of the ribs 4 on the shingles of the next lower course; also that the shoulders 6 engage the adjacent rear ends or walls 8 of the shingles or tiles in the next lower course. Tins arrangement enables the roofers to assemble the shingles or tiles without 11g) abutting the ends 9 against the ribs on the shingles or tiles of a subjacent course, whereby the ribs are protected from injury by such ends.

When shingles of clay, terra cotta, or tile are made or constructed in the manner described and illustrated herein, they will be anchored in the usual manner; but, owing to the fact that the ribs 4 on one course of shingles are as high as the height or thickness of the lower ends of the shingles of a course thereabove, it will be impossible for the lower ends of the shingles thus protected to be raised by a severe Windstorm. Furthermore, by the provision of the V-shaped notches 4 and the corresponding notches formed by the walls 4 of adjacent shingles in a course, should any water enter the spaces between the lower ends of the shingles of one course and the ribs on the shingles of a subjacent course, there will be free drainage provided for such water, and there will be no tendency for water to accumulate in the narrow spaces 7. Still further, by making these spaces sufficiently narrow-say about inchthe water will jump across these narrow spaces; but should any water enter the spaces, free drainage for the same is provided by the notches in the ribs 4. Due to the inclination of the walls 4 of the ribs 4, it will be unnecessary to make the ribs higher than the lower ends of the shingles in the course thereabove, the inclination of such walls tending to deflect the wind upwardly and away from such shingle ends. The drainage notches are of such limited cross-sectional area that the lifting effect of the wind through these notches upon the lower ends of the .shingles in the course thereabove will be negligible. Furthermore, the ribs 4 give a shadow effect, when the shingles are assembled on a roof, which effect is particularly pleasing to the eye.

In Figs. 5, 6 and '7 there is shown another form of my invention which is quite similar to that shown in the preceding views, the shingles in this case being made of semi-rigid, rigid or flexible material, such as wood, tile or roofing paper saturated with asphalt. In these views, the roof foundation is indicated at 1, as before. However, no special eaves course is necessary, the bottom and top of each shingle 10 being inclined gradually toward each other from the front end to the rear end thereof. Each of the ribs 11 is similar to the ribs 4 in the preceding views, being provided with a central V--shaped notch 11 and with beveled ends 11 which beveled ends, when one shingle is placed alongside another shingle in a course, will form therewith V-shaped notches similar to the central notch. The ribs 11 are arranged in this case at approximately the same distance from the bottoms of their respective shingles as is the case with the ribs on the shingles in the preceding embodiment of my invention.

When a roof is made up of shingles such as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 it will present the same appearance in plan as appears in Fig. 4.

In Figs. 8 and 9, there is shown a still further form of my invention wherein the shingles may be preferably made of semi-rigid, rigid, or flexible material.

Referring to these views, each shingle comprises a relatively thin body portion 12 extending rearwardly from a front thick portion 13, constituting a rib, the bottom of the shingle and the top of the portion of the shingle at the rear of the rib 13 converging toward the top surface of the said rib, whereby the front of the rib is of the same height or thickness as the rear wall 13* thereof, thus enabling the lower ends of the ribs of each upper course to be covered and protected against wind impact by the upwardly projecting walls 13 of the ribs on the next lower course. The extreme rear end of the bottom of the body 12 of each shingle is beveled rearwardly and upwardly toward the upper surface of such body, as indicated at 12 to facilitate laying the shingles on the foundation 1.

As will appear from Fig. 9, these shingles may be laid. with the joints broken, as is the case with the shingles shown in the preceding views; and it will be impossible for the wind to lift the lower ends of the shingles, since they are protected by the ribs 13 of the shingles in the courses therebelow.

Due to the form of shingles shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the same can be nested conveniently for shipment.

In Figs. 10 and 11, I have shown an arrangement of shingles similar to that which is illustrated in Figs. 4 and 6, but differing therefrom mainly in the material from which the shingles are made. The body proper of each shingle shown in these views consists of sheet metal 14, such as copper, which is stamped or pressed to the shape of the shingle shown in Figs. 4 and 6, each such metal body having at its front end a depending flange 14 and at each side a flange 14 and at its rear end a short flange 1 1 and each being provided with a rib 15 of the same shape as the ribs with which the shingles shown in Figs. 1 to 6 are provided and each of the ribs 15 having a central V-shaped notch 15 and beveled ends 15'. The side flanges 14 diminish gradually in depth from the front flange 14 to the rear flange 14. In order to give thickness,

stability, and insulating qualities to the shingles, the lower surface of each, between the flanges 14, 14, 14, and including the ribs 15, are filled with asphalt or similar material, indicated at 16.

In Fig. 10, the lower ends of the shingles in one course are shown as abutted against the rear or upper walls 15 of the ribs of the shingles of the next lower course; but, as in all of the preceding views, the ribs on the lower course are as high as the height or thickness of the lower ends of the shingles of the next upper course and serve to prevent such ends from being blown upwardly or dislodged by wind storms.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower end of said body portion being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of said element, whereby it may cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impact of wind and water thereagainst.

2. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and .spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower end of said body portion being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of said element whereby it may cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impast of wind and water thereagainst, the wall of said rib which is adjacent to the lower end of said element being upwardly and rearwardly inclined.

the said rib being provided intermediate its ends elements of a course to provide similar V-shaped 3. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower end of said body portion being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the height of said rib beingnot materially less than the thickness of the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impact of wind and water thereagainst, the said rib being provided intermediate of its ends with a drainage outlet of limited area.

4;. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower end of said body portion being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby toprotect such end against impact of wind and water thereagainst, the said rib being provided at an end thereof with drainage means of limited area.

5. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of said element whereby it may cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impact of wind and water thereagainst,

with a drainage notch extending substantially the full depth thereof and having at each end a partial notch extending the full depth thereof,

thereby to cooperate with the corresponding ends "of adjacent roofing elements of a course to prothe said rib being provided intermediate its ends with a V-shaped drainage notch extending sub-- stantially the full depth thereof and having its ends beveled, thereby to cooperate with the correspondingly beveled ends of adjacent roofing notches therewith.

7. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the height of said rib pact of wind and water thereagainst, the wall or" said rib which is adjacent to the lower end of said element being upwardly and rearwardly inclined, and the opposite wall of said rib being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the upper surface of said element.

8. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of said element whereby it may cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impact of wind and water thereagainst, the said element having a lower surface extending substantially parallel with the upper surface from the lower end thereof to a point beyond the said rib and also having a rear lower surface which converges rearwardly towards the upper surface and is connected with the first mentioned lower surface by means of a wall forming a shoulder adapted to cooperate with the upper or rear end of a similar roofing element in the next lower course.

9. A roofing element comprising a sheet metal body having a depending flange at the lower end thereof and a depending flange at each side thereof, said fianges projecting at substantially right angles from said body, said body having an,

integral rib extending thereacross and projecting upwardly from the upper surface thereof and not materially less in height than the depth of the fiange at the lower end thereof whereby said rib may cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end against impact of wind thereagainst.

10. In a roofing construction, the combination of a series of overlapping courses of roofing elements, each element comprising a body having above its lower end a vertically projecting rib extending thereacross, which rib is not materially less in height than the thickness of the lower end of said body, the lower end of the body of each element being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the roofing elements of one course breaking joints with the roofing elements of the course or courses adjacent thereto and the ribs on the elements of one course or" said elements serving to defiect wind and water away from the lower ends of the elements in the course immediately thereabove.

11. In a roofing construction, the combination of a series of overlapping courses of roofing elements, each element comprising a body having above its lower end a vertically projecting rib extending thereacross, which rib is not materially less in height than the thickness of the lower end of said body, the lower end of the body of each element being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the roofing elements of one course breaking joints with the roofing elements of the course or courses adjacent thereto, each of said ribs being provided with a drain outlet of limited area and the ribs on the elements of one course of said elements serving to deflect wind and water away from the lower ends of the elements in the course immediately thereabove.

12. In a roofing construction, the combination of a series of overlapping courses of roofing elements, each element comprising a body having above its lower end a vertically projecting rib extending thereacross, which rib is not materially less in height than the thickness of the lower end of said body, the lower end of the body of each element being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the roofing elements of one course breaking joints with the roofing elements of the course or courses adjacent thereto, each of said ribs being provided intermediate the ends thereof with a V-shaped drain outlet and each of said ribs having its ends beveled to cooperate with the corresponding beveled ends of the ribs adjacent thereto to provide V-shaped drain outlets therewith and the ribs on the elements of one course of said elements serving to deflect wind and water away from the lower ends of the elements in the course immediately thereabove.

13. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a projection extending thereabove and thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof, the height of said projection being such as to enable it to cooperate with the lower end of a similar roofing element thereby to protect such end. against impact of wind thereagainst, and means adjacent to the rear end of said element and arranged to engage the rear end of a similar roofing element for locating its lower end adjacent to the projection of a similar roofing element.

14. A roofing element comprising a sheet metal body having depending flanges projecting at substantially right angles therefrom, said body having an integral rib extending thereacross and spaced from the lower end thereof and projecting upwardly from the upper surface thereof a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the lower end of said element thereby to protect the lower end of a similar roofing element against impact of wind thereagainst, the bottom of the sheet metal body thus formed having insulating material applied thereon.

15. In a roofing construction the combination of a series of overlapping courses of roofing elements, each element comprising a body having a wall or rib projecting upwardly above the upper is urface thereof, the said wall or rib extending substantially across the said element and being spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower side, ends and top of the rib or wall of each element being exposed to the weather and the height of said well or rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of each element.

16. A roofing element comprising a body portion having a substantially continuous deflecting rib extending across the full width of and projecting above the plane of the top surface of the body and spaced from the lower end thereof, the lower end of said element being substantially uninterrupted or continuous and the height of said rib being not materially less than the thickness of the lower end of said element, whereby a stepped appearance of a roof formed of such elements is produced, said rib cooperating with the lower end of a similar roofing element, whereby wind or water directed toward the lower ends of such elements will be deflected upwardly thereover.

17. A roofing element as in claim 16, the upper face of the rib, with which said end cooperates, being substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the body.

18. A roofing element as in claim 16, the lower face of the rib being inclined upwardly, from the surface of the body, at an angle to deflect wind upwardly from the plane of the roof.

JOHN W. CANNON. 

